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分类： linux
2015-10-21 13:55:55
从 1970 年开始，vi 和 vim 就成为了程序员最喜爱的文本编辑器之一。5年前，我写了一个问自己名为 “每个程序员都应该知道的 100 个 vim 命令” 这次算是之前那篇文章的改进版，希望你会喜欢。
基础
| :e filename | open filename for edition |
| :w | save file |
| :q | exit vim |
| :q! | quit without saving |
| :x | write file (if changes has been made) and exit |
| :sav filename | saves file as filename |
| . | repeats the last change made in normal mode |
| 5. | repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode |
在文件中移动
| k or up arrow | move the cursor up one line |
| j or down arrow | move the cursor down one line |
| e | move the cursor to the end of the word |
| b | move the cursor to the begining of the word |
| 0 | move the cursor to the begining of the line |
| g | move the cursor to the end of the line |
| gg | move the cursor to the begining of the file |
| l | move the cursor to the end of the file |
| :59 | move cursor to line 59. replace 59 by the desired line number. |
| 20| | move cursor to column 20. |
| % | move cursor to matching parenthesis |
| [[ | jump to function start |
| [{ | jump to block start |
剪切、复制和粘贴
| y | copy the selected text to clipboard |
| p | paste clipboard contents |
| dd | cut current line |
| yy | copy current line |
| y$ | copy to end of line |
| d | cut to end of line |
搜索
| /word | search word from top to bottom |
| ?word | search word from bottom to top |
| * | search the word under cursor |
| /\cstring | search string or string, case insensitive |
| /jo[ha]n | search john or joan |
| /\< the | search the, theatre or then |
| /the\> | search the or breathe |
| /\< the\> | search the |
| /\< ?.\> | search all words of 4 letters |
| /\/ | search fred but not alfred or frederick |
| /fred\|joe | search fred or joe |
| /\<\d\d\d\d\> | search exactly 4 digits |
| /^\n\{3} | find 3 empty lines |
| :bufdo /searchstr/ | search in all open files |
| bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g | search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse |
替换
| :%s/old/new/g | replace all occurences of old by new in file |
| :%s/onward/forward/gi | replace onward by forward, case unsensitive |
| :%s/old/new/gc | replace all occurences with confirmation |
| :2,35s/old/new/g | replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35 |
| :5,$s/old/new/g | replace all occurences from line 5 to eof |
| :%s/^/hello/g | replace the begining of each line by hello |
| :%s/$/harry/g | replace the end of each line by harry |
| :%s/onward/forward/gi | replace onward by forward, case unsensitive |
| :%s/ *$//g | delete all white spaces |
| :g/string/d | delete all lines containing string |
| :v/string/d | delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string |
| :s/bill/steve/ | replace the first occurence of bill by steve in current line |
| :s/bill/steve/g | replace bill by steve in current line |
| :%s/bill/steve/g | replace bill by steve in all the file |
| :%s/^m//g | delete dos carriage returns (^m) |
| :%s/\r/\r/g | transform dos carriage returns in returns |
| :%s#<[^>]\ >##g | delete html tags but keeps text |
| :%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ | delete lines which appears twice |
| ctrl a | increment number under the cursor |
| ctrl x | decrement number under cursor |
| ggvgg? | change text to rot13 |
大小写
| vu | lowercase line |
| vu | uppercase line |
| g~~ | invert case |
| veu | switch word to uppercase |
| ve~ | modify word case |
| gggug | set all text to lowercase |
| gggug | set all text to uppercase |
| :set ignorecase | ignore case in searches |
| :set smartcase | ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used |
| :%s/\<./\u&/g | sets first letter of each word to uppercase |
| :%s/\<./\l&/g | sets first letter of each word to lowercase |
| :%s/.*/\u& | sets first letter of each line to uppercase |
| :%s/.*/\l& | sets first letter of each line to lowercase |
读写文件
| :1,10 w outfile | saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile |
| :1,10 w >> outfile | appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile |
| :r infile | insert the content of infile |
| :23r infile | insert the content of infile under line 23 |
文件浏览器
| :e . | open integrated file explorer |
| :sex | split window and open integrated file explorer |
| :sex! | same as :sex but split window vertically |
| :browse e | graphical file explorer |
| :ls | list buffers |
| :cd .. | move to parent directory |
| :args | list files |
| :args *.php | open file list |
| :grep expression *.php | returns a list of .php files contening expression |
| gf | open file name under cursor |
和 unix 系统交互
| :!pwd | execute the pwd unix command, then returns to vi |
| !!pwd | execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file |
| :sh | temporary returns to unix |
| $exit | retourns to vi |
对齐
| :%!fmt | align all lines |
| !}fmt | align all lines at the current position |
| 5!!fmt | align the next 5 lines |
tabs/windows
| :tabnew | creates a new tab |
| gt | show next tab |
| :tabfirst | show first tab |
| :tablast | show last tab |
| :tabm n(position) | rearrange tabs |
| :tabdo %s/foo/bar/g | execute a command in all tabs |
| :tab ball | puts all open files in tabs |
| :new abc.txt | edit abc.txt in new window |
分屏显示
| :e filename | edit filename in current window |
| :split filename | split the window and open filename |
| ctrl-w up arrow | puts cursor in top window |
| ctrl-w ctrl-w | puts cursor in next window |
| ctrl-w_ | maximize current window vertically |
| ctrl-w| | maximize current window horizontally |
| ctrl-w= | gives the same size to all windows |
| 10 ctrl-w | add 10 lines to current window |
| :vsplit file | split window vertically |
| :sview file | same as :split in readonly mode |
| :hide | close current window |
| :nly | close all windows, excepted current |
| :b 2 | open #2 in this window |
自动完成
| ctrl n ctrl p (in insert mode) | complete word |
| ctrl x ctrl l | complete line |
| :set dictionary=dict | define dict as a dictionnary |
| ctrl x ctrl k | complete with dictionnary |
marks
| m {a-z} | marks current position as {a-z} |
| ' {a-z} | move to position {a-z} |
| '' | move to previous position |
缩写
| :ab mail mail@provider.org | define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org |
文本缩进
| :set autoindent | turn on auto-indent |
| :set smartindent | turn on intelligent auto-indent |
| :set shiftwidth=4 | defines 4 spaces as indent size |
| ctrl-t, ctrl-d | indent/un-indent in insert mode |
| >> | indent |
| << | un-indent |
| =% | indent the code between parenthesis |
| 1gvg= | indent the whole file |
语法高亮
| :syntax on | turn on syntax highlighting |
| :syntax off | turn off syntax highlighting |
| :set syntax=perl |
force syntax highlighting |
给主人留下些什么吧！~~